Dental Sensitivity: Causes and Treatments
Tooth sensitivity is a common problem that affects many people around the world. It manifests itself as a sensation of pain or discomfort in the teeth when exposed to certain external stimuli.
In this post, we will explore in detail the causes of tooth sensitivity and the treatments available to alleviate this problem.
What is tooth sensitivity?
Tooth sensitivity, also known as dental or dentin hypersensitivity, occurs when the underlying tissue of the teeth, called dentin, is exposed due to gum recession or wear of tooth enamel. This exposure causes the nerves in the tooth to react to stimuli such as cold, heat, sweet or sour, causing discomfort and pain.
Main Causes of Tooth Sensitivity
Tooth sensitivity can be caused by various conditions, including:
Periodontal Diseases
Periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, can contribute to tooth sensitivity due to gum recession and exposure of dentin. As the gums recede, the root of the tooth is exposed, causing sensitivity to cold and heat, as well as increasing the risk of infection.
Aggressive Brushing
Aggressive brushing or the use of hard-bristled brushes can wear down tooth enamel and expose dentin, leading to tooth sensitivity. Excessive pressure when brushing or using improper brushing techniques can damage the protective structure of your teeth, increasing sensitivity.
Acid Erosion
Acid erosion, whether from frequent consumption of acidic drinks or medical conditions such as acid reflux, can wear away tooth enamel and expose dentin, resulting in tooth sensitivity. The acids present in certain foods and drinks tend to erode the outer layer of the teeth, weakening their natural protection.
Cavities
Dental cavities, if not treated in time, can affect the outer layer of the tooth, exposing the dentin and causing tooth sensitivity. The bacteria that cause cavities produce acids that demineralize tooth enamel, creating cavities that compromise the integrity of the tooth.
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Treatments for Dental Sensitivity
Treatments for tooth sensitivity vary depending on the underlying causes. Some options include:
Desensitizing Toothpastes
Desensitizing toothpastes are products that contain compounds such as potassium nitrate or stannous fluoride, which help block exposed nerve endings and reduce sensitivity.
Dental Sealants
They are resins or similar materials that are applied to the exposed surfaces of teeth to seal and protect the exposed dentin. This procedure helps reduce sensitivity by isolating the dentinal canals from external stimuli, such as cold or heat.
Fluoride Treatments
Fluoride treatments, whether in the form of gels, varnishes or rinses, can help strengthen tooth enamel and reduce sensitivity. Fluoride helps remineralize enamel, strengthening the protective layer of teeth and decreasing dentin permeability.
Odontoplasty
Odontoplasty is a procedure in which gentle erosion of tooth enamel is performed to level the surface of the teeth and reduce dentin exposure. This technique can help relieve sensitivity by reducing the amount of exposed dentin.
Gum Grafts
In cases of gum recession, gum grafts are necessary to cover the exposed areas of the tooth root. This surgical procedure seeks to restore gum tissue and protect exposed dentin, thus reducing tooth sensitivity.
Dental Fillings
If tooth sensitivity is related to the presence of cavities, dental fillings can help restore tooth structure and protect exposed dentin.
Root canals
In severe cases of tooth sensitivity, when the exposed dentin is compromised or infected, a root canal may be recommended to treat the nerve of the tooth and relieve the sensitivity. This procedure involves removing infected nerve tissue and sealing the root canal.
In any case, it is crucial to consult an orthodontist to determine the most appropriate treatment based on the specific cause of tooth sensitivity.
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